The Death of Deliberation
The Death of Deliberation: Partisanship & Polarization in the United States Senate (2013; released in paperback in 2015). Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
A common observation of the Senate today is that it is paralyzed by gridlock; the Senate is currently composed of ideologically polarized members, and the majority and minority leaders exercise more influence because they lead more cohesive political parties. However, the argument that the Senate and by extension, the Congress, are undermined by rampant obstruction overlooks the fact that the contemporary Senate is still capable of overcoming the differences among its members without descending into an endless debate of ideological partisanship and irreconcilable gridlock.
While current treatments of the Senate often seek to explain why gridlock happens, in this book, James Wallner addresses the important question of why gridlock does not happen. His answer is quite simple: The Senate changes the manner in which it makes decisions on a case-by-case basis in order to limit conflict between its members. Yet, the Senate’s ability to produce important legislation in the current environment may undermine the institution’s deliberative function.
Wallner puts forth the unique proposition that while the contemporary Senate may indeed be broken, it is not broken in the sense typically acknowledged. Put simply, deliberation has succumbed to the Senate’s bipartisan determination to avoid gridlock and pass important legislation.
“THE U.S. SENATE HAS EVOLVED FROM “NORM-BASED” THROUGH “COLLEGIAL,” “MAJORITARIAN,” AND “STRUCTURED CONSENT” MODES OF POLICYMAKING DURING THE LAST HALF CENTURY. THIS IMMENSELY READABLE BOOK TELLS THAT STORY. ITS ACCOUNT IS SHREWD, SUREFOOTED, ANCHORED IN EXPERIENCE ON CAPITOL HILL, AND CONVINCING. THESE DAYS, THE AUTHOR ARGUES, THE PROBLEM ISN’T REALLY THAT NOTHING GETS DONE, IT IS THAT THE CHAMBER’S PROCESSES OF OPEN DELIBERATION HAVE GOTTEN RAGGED.”